Type-writing machine.



No. 668,7l3. Patented m. 26, l90l.

c. GABRIELS'UN.

TYPE wnmm; MACHINE.

(Application filed Aug. 16, 1900.)

(No Model.)

' 5 Shasta--Sheet l.

M'TNEEEEE I INVENTEIR HIE ATTORNEY No. 668,7I3L' Patented Feb. 26; mm.

c. GABBIELSON.

' TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

v (Appliution fllod Aug. 16, 1900.)

(lo Iodol.)

5 Shoots-Sheet 2.

. x T m 0' LE L 7 4 .y i J NILATNEEISEiE v INVENTUFL;

I HEATTDRNEY No. 668,713. Patented Feb. 26, l90l.

C. GABRIELSON.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

. (Application filed Aug. 16, 1900.1 v (No Modal.) 5.Sheets-Sheet 3'INVENTB Ly QM Hi5 ATTEIRNEY m: NGRRIS PETERS CO,PNOTO-L|YND.,WASHINGTON, u. c.

Pat eluted Feb. 2 6, mm.

c. GAB'RI ELSON. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Applicatioi: filed Aug. 16, 1900.)

5 $heetsShaeI 4,

(No Model.)

. |NVEN'I'UR= 6 W 1 %W W 3 T N E 5 5 E 5 HIE TTEIRNEY Patented Fab. 26,mm. C. GABBJELSON. TYPE WRITING MACHINE. (Application fllad Aug. 16,1900.)

5 Shets-8heet 5.

,(No Model.)

\A/I NESEEE INVEN TUR- Hus TTEIRNEY THE NORRIS PETERS 0a.. wore-urns"WSHWGYO L n41 STATES UNITE PATENT OFFICE.

CARL GABRIELSON, OF GREENVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR 'IO JACOB FELBEL,OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 68,'713, dated February26, 190 1.

Application filed August 16, 1900. serial No. 27,102. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL GABRIELSON, a citizenof the United States, anda resident of Greenville, in the county of Hudson and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inType-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the type-operating mechanism of type-writingmachines. Heretofore the resistance ofiered by the fingers to the touchof the operator has been increased or diminished by changing the tensionof the dog-rocker or universal-bar spring, which is common to all thekey-levers, or by changing the tension of the individual springsprovided for the key-levers, or by adjusting both the dog rocker springand the individual springs until the touch of the keys suits theindividual operator. Some operators prefer a very light resistance tothe finger-stroke, while others prefer the contrary. if the tension ofthe dog-rocker spring be made very great,the key-levers and other partsare liable to bend in operation, as they are necessarily of lightconstruction, and hence the action of the spacing-dogs is afiectedinjuriously, so that after keying up the tension it is generally foundnecessary to also readjust the connections between the keys and thespacingdogsin order toinsurea complete movementof the latter at eachkey-stroke. This last-mentioned adjustment must in most cases beperformed by a skilled mechanic, so that it is not usually within thepower of the operator to alter the key tension, except within verynarrow limits, without getting the machine out of order, so far as he isconcerned.

One of the principal objects of my invention is to enable the operatorto alter the keyresistance or touch from'very light to very heavy or anyintermediate point by a simple adjustment and without necessitatingreadjustment of the connections between the keys and theescapement-dogs,so that whet-her the key-touch is light or heavy themovement of the escapement devices is uniform, and hence the services ofa skilled adjuster are not needed. Although I accomplish this change inthe key-touch without the adj ustment of either the usual dog-rockerspring or any other key-returning spring, still I prefer to retain saiddog-rocker spring and the usual adjusting devices therefor, so that itmay be keyed up to enable the mechanism to respond promptly to the touchof the fingers upon the keys; but'after being once adjusted to thispoint it will not need to be thereafter adjusted to any great extent bythe operator, as said spring will exert the same returning force andcause the same prompt response of the mechanism through all the changeswhich may be made in the key resistance by the hereinafter-describedimprovements. Again, some operators prefer the lightest possiblekey-touch, and so long as this is obtained do not object to a key dip orstroke of, say, three-fourths of'an inch, while other operators, havinga heavier touch, desire considerable key resistance and would be enabledto operate faster if the dip or stroke of the key were shallow-sayone-half or even threeeighths of an inchas in that case the key would bereleased, and hence all the parts operated thereby would return tonormal position in much less time than would be the case with a deepkey-stroke. In other words, some operators are enabled to do better witha light key-touch and deep stroke, while otheroperators,not havingnimble fingers and being therefore unable to release the keys sopromptly, do better with a shallow touch and greater key resistance.Obviously a machine constructed especially for one class of opera torswould be unsuited for the other class, and heretofore it has been thepractice to adapt the same machine to suit all classes of operators byhaving a medium dip of the keys and by depending upon adjustments of thedog-rocker spring for altering the touch to suit the needs of theoperator in each case.

My invention has for another of its principal objects the provision ofmeans whereby the dip or depth of stroke of the finger-keys may bealtered at will by the operator, so that an operator desiring a lighttouch and not objecting to a deep stroke may by a simple adjustmenteifect this result, while another operator subsequentlyusing the samemachine and desiring a shallow key-stroke and a greatkey resistance mayby a reverse adjustment instantly change the machine to meet his ownrequirements. Machines provided with such adjustment will be suited forboth classes of operators, as well as for those who prefer a mediumkey-stroke and medium resistance to the finger-touch.

To these and other ends my invention consists, primarily, in thecombination, with a series of keys and a series of types connectedthereto, of means whereby the purchase or leverage of the keys upon thetypes may be adjusted so that the type-bars may be operated by long easykey-strokes or short hard key-strokes as desired, it being understoodthat the resistance to the key-touch is increased in proportion to thedecrease of the purchase of the key upon the type-bar and to theconsequent decrease in the depth of the key-stroke.

My invention further consists in certain combinations of devices,arrangements of parts, and features of construction, all as will behereinafter more particularly pointed out, and fully set forth in theconcluding claims.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, I have adapted my ownimprovements to certain improvements set forth and claimed in anapplication filed by Burnham C. Stickney, January 12, 1900, Serial No.1,190, said adaptation or combination being such as to preserve theadvantages of the improvements set forth in said application, whileenabling the operator to change the depth of stroke and resistance totouch at will. In other words, the present machine is constructed togive the operator the benefit of the very soft touch afforded by theimprovements set forth in said application, or a shallow hard touch, orany intermediate touch, according to the desire of the operator. In saidapplication a cushioning elfect is described as being effected byautomatically decreasing the leverage of the key upon the type-barduring the key-stroke, and although in my preferred construction meansfor adjusting the leverage of the keys upon the types are combined withmeans for automatically decreasing the leverage during the key-stroke,whereby said cushioning effect is secured, still my invention, broadlyconsidered, is not limited to any particular means for producing eithereffect and, if desired, my stroke-adjusting devices may be used inmachines in which the leverage is not automatically changed during thekey-stroke.

In the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectionalelevation of a frontstrike type-writing machine embodying myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of a shiftable type-segment.Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view of the machine shown at Fig. 1. In theseand other li gu res certain parts are omitted for the sake of clearness.Fig. 4 is a skeleton view similar to Fig. 1, but showing the parts atthe printing position. In both Figs. 1 and 4 the key-lever fulcrum-plateis shown in a horizontal position. Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4,but showing said fulcrum-plate as adjusted or tipped to the otherextreme of its movement. Fig. 6 is a front sectional elevation of thekey-lever fulcrumplate, the supports therefor, the rear key-leverguide-comb, and other parts. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary enlarged view ofthe rear end of a key-lever, showing the curvature of the extendedthread thereon, and also showing its relation to the fulcrum-plate. Fig.8 is a perspective top view of the fulcrum-plate and its supports andsprings and of the rear key-lever guide-comb. Fig. 9 is a fragmentaryelevation of the type-basket and a perforated plate attached thereto.Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one end of the rear key-lever guidecomb, showing the formation of the ear thereon. Fig. 11 is a view of atype action similar to that shown at Figs. 1 and 4, but showing theposition of the parts when the key is half-way depressed. At this viewalso the fulcrum-plate is in a horizontal position. Fig. 12 is aperspective view of a yoke for attachment to a type-bar. Fig. 13 is arear elevation of the dog-rocker, showing the dogrocker spring and theusual adj ustment therefor. Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic side elevationshowing certain of my improvements as applied to a machine of theunder-strike class, one type-bar being shown in printing and the othertype-bar in normal position. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary sectionalelevation showing the fulcrum-plate as tipped to a position between thetwo positions shown, respectively, at Figs. 4 and 5.

Throughout the several views the same part will be found designated bythe same reference characters.

The framework consists of a rectangular base 1, corner-posts 2 risingtherefrom, and a top plate 3, secured upon the posts and having at itsforward portion a large opening 4 for the passage of the types in theirmovement to the platen. Each type-block 5 is provided with an upper andlower case type suitably secured upon the free forward end of atype-carrier 6. The type carriers or bars are arranged in front of theplaten and are pivoted at their rear ends upon a common fulcrum-rod 7,which is bowed or arc-shaped and seated in a curved slot 8, formed in ashiftable segment 9, the latter being guided in its vertical shiftmovements between vertical guides 10, depending from the under side ofthe top plate, to which they are secured by screws 11, bearing-balls 12being interposed between the segment-casting and the guides 10, and boththe guides and the segment being provided withsuitablehallways.'l.hesegmeutis also provided with radial slots 13, one for eachtype-bar. The type ends of the bars rest normally upon a segmental pad14, having a metallicsu pport 15,the latter being secured to the forwardends of arms 16, which are fastened to the segment9 by screws 17. Eachtype-bar is returned from working position to normal position and thereretained by a draw-spring 18, which hooks at its forward end into aperas ire a 3 foration 18 formed near the lower edge of a projection 41,whereby endwise movement of segmental plate 19, and at its rear end intoa the lever is prevented. Said bar 41 is prefsheet-metal yoke or strap20, which straddles erably of cylindrical form, and its ends are 70 thetype-bar and is pivoted thereto at a point supported in perforationsformed 'in a pair 5 21, near the pivot 7 thereof. The plate 19 is ofvertical plates or brackets 42, between secured to the support by screws19. The which the rear ends of the key-levers are segment 9 and itsattachment-s constitute a confined, said brackets havingoutwardlyshiftable supporting-frame for the type-bars. turned ears 43,which are'placed up against 75 A short horizontal draw bar or link 22 isthe under side of the horizontal overhanging 1o pivoted at its forwardend 23 to the type-bar portion 1 of the base and secured thereto and atits rear end 24 to the upper end of averby screws 43 A comb or series ofguidingtical arm 25 of a bell crank or lever. When teeth 44 is providedupon a transverse fixed the segment 9 is shifted, the forward ends ofbar 47, the latter extending transverselyjust 80 links 22 move up ordown with the type-bars. beneath the lower edges of the key-levers, so

15 The bell-crank is pivoted to a horizontallyas to permit a limitedvertical movement of extending unpivoted lever 27 of the second thelatter, while preventing accidental disorder at a point 26 between theends of the engagementof the notches 40 from the bar4l. latter. Akey 27is borne by the forward end The bar 47 is supported by means of screws85 of each lever 27, the keys being arranged in 45, which pass throughperforated ears 46,ex-

straight rows transversely of the machine. tending forwardly from thebar, and engage The levers extend rearwardly from the keythreaded holesextending upwardly into the board beneath the type-bars andpaper-carbrackets 42 As usual, the key-levers at riage. The other arm 28of the bell-lever or their forward portions are guided by a comb 9osublever extends downwardly and forwardly 48, secured to the bar 37"*.

from the pivot 26, and at its lower endis forked The letter-spacingmovements of the springat 29, so as to straddle a cylindrical fulcrumpropelled carriage may be effected in any rod or bar 30, which extendshorizontally suitable way, as by a transverse universal across themachine beneath the key-levers bar 49, depending by means of rods 50from 5 and is suitably secured at 31 to the side walls arms 5i, securedto a rocking-frame 52, piv- 0f the base. The type-bars lie horizontallyoted at 53 to a bracket 54, secured to the at different heights, thearms 25 of the bellunder side of the top plate 3. The said rockcranklevers being of corresponding lengths. ing frame also includes avertical arm 55, at

At a point just forward of the bell-lever the upper end of which iscarried botha piv- I00 each key-lever is provided with a liftingotedfeeding or stepping dog 56, which is nor- 5 spring, as 32, the lower endof which hooks mally in engagement with a carriage-rack 57, into a hole33 in a key-lever, and the upper and a fixed detent-dog 58, in line withsaid end of which hooks into a perforation formed dog 56. A cylindricalplaten is indicated at in a horizontal transverse bar 34, having up- 59.The platen and paper-carriage, which 105 wardly-extending arms 36, whichare secured are not fully illustrated, may be of any usual by means ofscrews 35 to the under side of or suitable construction.

the top plate. This spring causes the for- In operation the key-lever isdepressed, ward end of the key-lever to bear up nor-- carrying down thepivot 26 of the bell-crank mally against a pad'37, arranged upon thelever and causing the arm 25 of the latter to I10 under side of atransverse bar 37 and its swing rearwardly, so that by means of link 5rear portion to bear up against the under side 22 the type-bar is swungup to strike the of a fixed transverse horizontal fulcrum-plate platen.During this operation the universal 38, arranged over the rear ends ofthe keybar 49 is carried down, the rocker-arm is levers and under thehorizontal rear plate 1 swung forwardly, and the dog 56 disengaged ofthe base. The rear end portion of each from the rack 57, the fixed dox58 becoming 5o key-lever is extended or prolonged, and the engagedtherewith. Upon release of the key upper edge of the extension is curvedat 39 from pressure the springs 18 and 32 cause the to form a tread orrocker, which creeps or type-bar, key-lever, and sublever to returnrolls along the under plane surface of the fulto normal position, andthe usual dog-rocker 12o crum-plate when the forward end of thekeyspring 55*, Fig. 13, causes a return of the 55 lever is depressed,thus automatically changdog-rocker to normal position, permitting theing the leverage or purchase of the key upon carriage to advance onetooth in the usual the type-bar. It will be observed that the .manner,under the tension of the carriagefulcrum is correspondingly extended orelonspring. (Not shown.) gated, or, in other words, the plate 38 may bePreferably ,no part of the lever-tread 39 is 60 considered as made up ofa series of elonstraight, so that it normally bears up against gatedfulcrums, one for each key-lever, the the plate 38 at only a singlepoint, (indicated elongation being of course in a direction by theletter a at Fig. 1.) This point is not parallel with the length of thekey-lever. far from the load-point 26 of the key-lever, About midway ofthe rocker or tread porand hence it will be observed that the move- 65tion each key-lever is provided at its upper ment of the type 5 is atthe beginning comedge with a notch or opening 40, whereby it parativelyslow. Inother words, the type is engages a fixed horizontal transversebar or given an easy start, and hence the resistance offered by thefinger-key to the touch of the operator at the early part of the strokeis minimized. The key-lever works with a varying fulcrum, or, in otherwords, as the keylever vibrates the tread 39 rolls or shifts along theextended fulcrum 38, and consequently the fulcrum-point constantlyrecedes from the load-point 26. As the type-bar gathers headway theleverage or purchase of the key upon the type-bar constantly decreases,causing an acceleration of the speed of the typebar as it approaches theplaten, so that the type strikes a powerful blow. Owing to said decreasein leverage the resistance offered by the key to the operators touchconstantly increases from beginning to end of the keystroke. Toward thelatter end of the stroke the rear portion of the tread 39 is in workingcontact with the fulcrum-surface, and the leverage is so much changedand hence the resistance oifered by the type-bar is so much increased asto gradually absorb the momentum of the hand, so that the final shock atthe termination of the key-stroke is minimized.

The tread or working edge 39 of the key-lever may, if desired, be outupon an arc of a circle; but the best results are obtained by conformingthe tread to a curve having a changing radius, the forward portion ofthe curve having the shorter and the rear portion of the curve havingthe longer radii, whereby as the key is depressed the fulcrum-pointchanges slowly at first, so that when the key has been depressedhalf-way, as illustrated at Fig. 11, the fulcrum-point has receded onlya short distance, asindicated at b at said figure, and the type-bar hasmoved only onethird or less of the distance from normal position to theplaten. The remaining twothirds or more of the. type-bar movement iseffected by the last half of the key-stroke, inasmuch as the recessionof the fulcrumpoint from the load-point is more rapid during the latterhalf of the key-stroke. At the time of the impression of the type therear extreme of the key-lever tread is bearing upon the fulcrum-plate atthe point 0, as shown at Fig. 4. If the curve 39 should be out upon anarc of a circle, the fulcrum-point would change too soon, so that thedesired cushioning effect at the beginning of the keystroke is not fullyobtained; but by the use of the described irregular curve the movementof the type is for the first third of its stroke rendered very gradualand the jar to the finger is avoided, while at the same time thesubsequent quick change of the fulcrum-point gives an ample cushioningeffect for absorbing the momentum of the hand and minimizing orforestalliug the jar to the finger which occurs by reason of the impactof the type. The depth of the key-depression is not excessive, however,since the comparatively slow movement of the type at the beginning ofthe key-stroke is compensated by the comparatively rapid movement of thetype during the remainder of the stroke.

It will thus be seen that there have been combined with a system orseries of type-bars and aseries of operating-keys a series ofleverage-changing connections between said keys and said type-bars, eachof said connections being constructed to diminish the leverage orpurchase of its key upon its type-bar slowly during the first part ofthe key-stroke, so that the first portion of the impulse communicatedfrom the key to the type-bar occurs when the leverage is greatest and sothat thereafter the leverage diminishes at first slowly, then morerapidly, until the point of least leverage is gained, at which point thelast portion of the impulse is communicated from the key to thetype-bar. It will also be observed at Fig. 11 that upon the release ofthe depressed key the type-bar completes two-thirds of its return motionby the time that its key has completed only one-half of its returnmotionthat is to say, assuming that the return movement of thefinger-key is uniform the return of the type-bar is much more promptthan usual heretofore,and hence the succeeding type-bar may be operatedsooner, thus permitting more rapid manipulation of the machine.

Owing to the described change in leverage the spring 18, working throughthe link 22 and the bell-crank lever25, exerts more tension upon the keyat the beginning of the return stroke of the latter than at the finishthereof, so that the touch upon the keys is rendered very elastic.However, this spring may be omitted, if desired, and the spring 32 madecorrespondingly stronger. The spring 32 has a like effect to spring 18in securing an elastic touch, for the same reason as does also thedog-rocker spring 55, Fig. 13, which is provided with the usualadjusting mechanism 55 It will be understood that it is not essentialthat the type-operating lever be of the second order or that it beprovided directly with a key or that it be in the form of a straighthorizontal lever.

In carrying out my present invention I provide means at the key-leverfulcrums for adjusting the leverage of the keys upon the typebars, andthereby altering the dip of the keys,and although I prefer thisarrangement, still it is not essential in all forms of my invention, asprovision may be made elsewhere for such adjustment. Preferably I mountthe fulcrum-plate 38,above described, in such a manner that it may beadjusted or tipped to different angles from normal horizontal position,as illustrated at Figs. 5 and 15. This rocking movement of thefulcrum-plate is effected without disturbing the key-levers, since saidplate rests at its side edges upon short parallel bars 60, which extendhorizontally along the inner sides of the plates or brackets 42, towhich they are fastened by crum-plate.

screws 61, the upper or working edges of these bars having exactly thesame curve as the treads or fulcrum portions of the key-levers. In otherwords, the upper edges of said bars coincide or are in line with theupper edges of the extended ends of the keylevers, so that. said platemay be tipped or rocked upon said bars without causing a movement of anykey-lever.

For eifecting an adjustment of the fulcrumplate I provide a thumb-screw,which engages a vertical threaded hole 63, formed in the overhang 1 atthe rear of the base, and at its lower end engages the edge of a hole64, formed near the rear edge of the fulcrumplate and about midway ofits length. A small-shouldered screw is passed upwardly through saidhole 64 and engages athreaded vertical hole formed in the lower end ofthe thumb-screw. It will be seen that both the end of the thumb-screwand the head of the shouldered screw are larger than the perforation inthe fulcrum-plate, so that the latter is controlled by the thumb-screwand compelled to follow it in its vertical movements. The plate is helddown upon the bars 60 by springs 66, secured at their rear ends to theupper side of the plate and near the right and left hand ends thereofand extending forwardly and upwardly and bearing up against the underside of the overhang 1f, the springs being, however, preferably only ofsufficient length to reach to points about midway between the front andrear edges of the ful- These springs are strong enough to hold the platedown firmly upon the bars 61, while at the same time the plate may bereadily adjusted or tipped to any degree within the limits of itsmovement by turning the thumb-screw 62, said springs always cooperatingtherewith to hold the plate firmly in its adjusted position, so that itmay not yield to the upward pressure ofthe key-levers. When thethumb-screw 62 has been adjusted to bring the fulcrum-plate to thehorizontal position shown at Fig. 4, the key stroke or dip is thedeepest and the touch is the lightest, which adjustment will bepreferred by operators whose fingers,while lacking strength,are nimblein their movements. When said screw has been adjusted downwardly tobring the plate to the position shown at Fig. 5, the keydip isshallowest and the touch or key resistance greatest,this adjustmentbeing preferred 3 by those having strong fingers and heavy touch. Thedifference in the depth of the key-strokes is considerable, as will beperceived by comparing the distances between the dotted elevated keypositions and fullline depressed positions at said figures. At Fig. 15the fulcrum-plate is shown as lying in a medium position, so that thekey-stroke is not so long or easy as at Fig. 4 nor so short and hard asat Fig. 5. It willbe understood that very line adjustments of the platemay be effected to suit the requirements of individual operators or ofthe same operator at is a rolling or creeping movement of the keyleveralong the plate at the printing operation, although the extent of suchcreeping movement is not so great as at Fig. 4, and hence the stroke isnot so well cushioned as at the last-mentioned figure. It will also benoted that at Fig. 5 the cushioning effect is very slight, since thevery tip of the lever bears upon the fulcrum plate throughout nearly theentire key-stroke. It will be seen, however, that considerableadjustment of the plate 38 may be effected without eliminating oraffecting to a great extent the cushioning effect of the curvedkey-lever tread, and I do not consider the invention as limited toconstructions in which the adjustment of the key-dip affects theautomatic leverage-changing action at the printing stroke of the key,since the dip-adjusting device may be arranged at one part and thekey-cushioning device at another part of the connection between the keyand the type, as at Fig. 14.

The movements of the type-bar, link 22,

and bell-lever 25 are the same in all cases, re-

gardless of the adjustment of the key-dipthat is to say, the up-and-downmovement of the pivot 26 is uniform and the dip of the key variesaccording as the plate 38 is adjusted to vary the working point orpoints of the lever. During the changes in the adjustment it isdesirable that the movement of the universal bar 49 and of the feeddevices controlled thereby shall be uniform in extent, and hence Iconstruct said universal bar to be operated by parts whose movements arenot afiected by said adjustments, preferably by arranging said bar at apoint nearly or directly under the pivots 26, Figs. 3 and 4, so that thevariations in the lever movements will not appreciably vary theescapement movements.

The usual adjustment for the dog-rocker spring (illustrated at Fig. 13)is preferably retained, so that the tension of said spring may beadjusted to secure prompt return movements of the rocker and also of thekey mechanism and so that when desired the touch of the keys may beweakened or strengthened without changing the dip thereof. By variouslyadjusting both the dog-rocker spring and the fulcrum-plate a very greatvariety of touches may be obtatined at the keyboard.

Referring now to Fig. 14, the key-levers 27 of the second order areconnected at 26*by rods 67 to understrike type-bars 6 and are hungattheir ear ends upon a transverse cylindrical horizontal fulcrum-rod68, whose ends are rigidly secured in the upper portions of uprightrocker-arms 69. Said rocker-arms are arranged one at each side of themachine, so as to confine the key-levers, and at their lower ends arefixed upon a rock-shaft 70,

lOO

whose ends are journaled in the side walls 1 of the base of the machine.Each key-lever is provided with a longitudinal arched slot 71, which isconcentric to the axis whenever the key-lever is in normal position. Theframe comprising the arms 69 and parallel rods 68 70 may be rockedforwardly to move th rod 68 in the slots 71, and thereby bring thefulcrum-point of all the key-levers nearer to their load-points, therebyincreasing the leverage or purchase of all of the keys upon thetype-bars. This rocking movement of the frame may be convenientlyeffected by a link 72, pivoted at '73 to the upper end of one of thearms 69 and extending forwardly to the keyboard, whereby it may beprovided with a handle 74, as well as a series of teeth 75, to engage afixed part 76 and hold the rocking frame in any desired position.Springs 32 return the key-levers to normal position after the typeimpressions are made, and a universal bar 49 is placed beneath thelevers in proximity to the points of attachment of the links 67. By acomparison of the two positions of the parts shown at this view it willbe noted that the purchase of the key upon the type-bar is greatest atthe beginning of the stroke and gradually decreases until the end of thestroke, as usual in this class of machines, the diiference in theleverage being due to the different angular positions assumed by theshort arms of the type-bars relatively to the links 67 during theprinting stroke.

It will be seen that in each of the construct-ionsherein illustrated bymovingasingle fin ger-piece the relation of all the keys to all of thetype-bars is so adjusted as to vary-the dip of all of the keyssimultaneously,and hence to increase or diminish their resistance to thekey touch, as the case may be, such change in the resistance beingsecured independently ofthe spring mechanism, which provides for thereturn of the typebars, keys, and carriage-feed parts to normal positionand whereby the resistance of the finger-keys may also be adjusted whendesired. The adjustment of the dip of the keys is preferably effectedindependently of the connections which extend from the key-levers to thetype-bars.

Numerous other changes may be made in construction and arrangementwithout departing from the spirit of my invention. Portions of myimprovements may be used without others and may be applied to machinesof other general design and operation than those herein illustrated.

Certain of the features of construction shown herein are the inventionof Jacob Felbel, and certain others are the invention of theaforementioned B. O. Stickney; but

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of keys anda series of typebars connected theretoof means for varying at will thepurchase or leverage of the keys 3. In atype-writing machine, thecombination with a series of type-bars and means for operating them,including a set of keys, of means for varying at will the purchase ofthe keys upon the type-bars in such a manner as to vary the depth of thekey-strokes, so that each type-bar may be operated with a variablekey-leverage and a variable depth of key-stroke.

4:. In a type-writing machine, the combination withasystem of typesandindependentlymovable keys, of means for variably limiting the dip of allthe keys simultaneously, the construction and arrangement being suchthat all of said types are operable by said keys at all limitations ofthe dip of the keys.

5. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars, of means, including a series of key-operated levers,foroperating said type-bars, and means for varying at will the purchase ofsaid levers upon said type-bars, so that each type-bar may be operatedwith a variable purchase of its lever, so as to alter the touch of thekey.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type and a keyoperatively connected thereto, of means for adjusting the purchase orleverage of said key upon said type, so that said type may be operatedby said key with a variable touch or key resistance.

7. In atype-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, aseries of keybearinglevers, a series ofconnections extending from saidlevers to said type-bars, and means for varying at will the purchase ofsaid levers upon said type-bars independently of said connections, sothat each type-bar may be operated with a variable purchase of itskey-lever and thus the touch thereof altered.

8. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a type and a key, ofmeans for variably limiting the dip of the key at will, said type beingoperable by said key at all limitations in the dip of the latter.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of keylevers, a series of intermediate levers connected to bothsaid key-levers and said typebars, and means for varying at will thepurchase of at least one series of said levers upon said type-bars, sothat each type-bar maybe operated with a variable key purchase and thusthe touch of the key altered.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers connected thereto, and means for adj usting thebearing points or fulcru ms of said levers so as to alter their purchaseupon said type-bars, and enable each type-bar to be operated by itslever with a variable purchase. 11. In a front-strike writing-machine,the combination of a platen, a series of type-bars arranged forwardlythereof, a series of keylevers, a series of bell-levers directlyengaging said key-levers and connected by links to said type-bars, andmeans for adjusting the bearing-points or fulcrums of said key-levers soas to alter their purchase upon said typebars, and enable each type-barto be operated by its key-lever with a variable purchase.

12. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of t-ype-bar-operating levers, and an adjustable fulcrum bar orplate common to said levers, whereby the purchase of all of said leversupon said type-bars may be altered, said levers maintaining engagementwith said fulcrum bar or plate at all adjustments thereof.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of type-bar-operatinglevers,a movable fulcru mbar common tosaid levers, and means, including a finger-piece, for effecting anadjustment of said fulcrum-bar, whereby the purchase of all of saidlevers upon said type-bars may be altered, said levers maintainingengagement with said f ulcrum-bar at all adjustments thereof.

14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers of the second order bearing keys at their forwardends, connections from said levers to said type-bars, a transversefulcrum-bar arranged at the rear portions of said levers, and

means for moving said fulcrum-bar so as to cause different portions ofsaid levers to bear thereon, without changing the order of said levers.

15. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers having keys at their forward ends and connected tothe type-bars, a transverse fulcrum-bar arranged over the rear ends ofthe levers, means for causing said levers to bear up against saidfulcrum-bar, and means for adjusting said fulcrum-bar and maintainingits contact with said levers, whereby the leverage is altered.

16. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, a series oftype-bars arranged forwardly thereof, a series of levers extendingbeneath the type-bars and platen and having keys at their forward ends,a series of intermediate bell-levers connected to both the type-bars andthe key-levers, a transverse fulcru m-har arranged over the rear ends ofthe keylevers, means for causing said keylevers to bear up against saidfulcrum-bar, and means for adjusting said fulcrum-bar so as to vary thefulcrums of said levers upon said bar.

17. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers connected thereto, means for adjusting thebearing-points or fulcrums of said levers so as to alter their purchaseupon said typebars and enable each type-bar to be operated with achangeable leverage, and means for preventing endwise displacement ofsaid levers.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of notched levers connected thereto, means for adjusting thebearing-points or fulcrums of said levers so as to alter their purchaseupon said type-bars and enable each type-bar to be operated with achangeable leverage, and a relatively-fixed transverse bar engaging thenotches in the lovers so as to prevent endwise displacement of thelatter.

19. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a type, a key soconnected thereto that the purchase of the key upon the type decreasesautomatically during the printing stroke of the key, and means foradjusting the purchase of the key upon the type, so that the dip of thekey is altered.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of keys so connected thereto that the purchase of each key uponits type-bar decreases automatically during the stroke of the key, andmeans for adjusting the purchase of the keys upon the type-bars, so thatthe dip of the keys is altered.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, a leverconnected thereto, means for automatically changing a working point ofat least one of said parts so as to decrease the purchase of said leverupon said type-bar during the printing stroke of said lever, a key forsaid lever, and means for ad justing the relation of the key to thetype-bar so as to alter the purchase of the key upon the type-bar andthereby change the dip of the key.

22. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a type-bar, a lever, adevice conmeeting said lever to said type-bar, at least one of saidthree elements being constructed to have aleverage-changing rollingmovement, so as to-decrease the purchase of said lever upon saidtype-bar during the printing stroke of said lever, a key connected tosaid lever, and means for adjusting the relation of the key to thetype-bar so as to alter the purchase of the key upon the type-bar andthereby change the dip of the key.

23. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier of anoperating-lever therefor, means for causing a working point of saidlever to shift during the operation of the lever to move thetype-carrier from normal position to the printing-point, so that thepurchase of said lever upon said typecarrier decreases during itsprinting stroke, and means for adjusting the relationship of said leverto said type-carrier in such a manner as to alter the purchase of saidlever upon IIO said type-bar and thereby change the extent of the leverstroke.

24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier of anoperating-lever therefor, a fulcrum-surface along which said lever isadapted to roll, so that the purchase of said lever upon saidtype-carrier (liminishes during the operation of the lever, and meansfor adjusting said fulcrum-surface.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier of anoperating-lever therefor having a curved tread, a fixed straightfulcrum-surface along which said lever is adapted to roll, so that thepurchase of said lever upon said type-carrier diminishes during theoperation of the lever, and means for adjusting said fulcrum-s11 rface.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-carrier, alever, connecting devices extending from said type-carrier to said leverat a point between its ends, operating means at one end of said lever,and an adjustable fulcrum-surface along which the other end of the leverhas a leverage-changing rolling movement.

27. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a type-carrier, alever provided at one end with a key, an adjustable fulcrumsurfacearranged over the other end of the lever and along which the upper edgeof the lever has a leverage-changing rolling movement, and connectingdevices extending from a point between the ends of said lever to saidtype-carrier.

28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars of a series of operating-levers therefor and an adjustablefulcrum-plate along which all of said levers have leverage-changingrolling movements,

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars of a series of operating levers therefor each having a curvedtread ,and an adjustable fulcrum-plate having a plane surface alongwhich all of said levers have leverage-changing rolling movements.

30. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-carrier, akey-lever, a sublever connected to said key-lever and also to saidtype-carrier, means for causing one of said key-lever and subleverelements to work with a varying fulcrum, so that the purchase of the keyupon the type-carrier decreases during the printing stroke of the key,and means arranged at said fulcrum for adjusting the leverage of the keyupon the type-bar and thereby changing the dip of the key.

31. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars,a series of levers of the second order provided at their forward endswith keys, a sublever pivoted upon each of said key-levers and providedwith a connection to the corresponding type-bar, means for causing oneof said key-lever and sublever elements to Work with a varying fulcrum,so that the purchase of the key upon the type-bar decreases during theprinting stroke, and means arranged at said fulcrum for adjusting theleverage of the key upon the type-bar and thereby changing the dip ofthe key.

In a type-writing machine, the combinaiion of a series of type-bars, aseries of levers, each provided with a key at its forward end, anadjustable fulcrum-plate arranged over the rear ends of said levers andalong the under surface of which said levers have leverage-changingrolling movements, and a sublever pivoted to each of said levers andconnected to the corresponding type-bar.

In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier of anoperating-lever therefor, an adjustable fulcrum plate along which saidlever has a leverage-changing rolling movement such that the purchaseofsaid lever upon said type-carrier diminishes during the operation ofthe lever, and means for preventing endwise displacement of the lever.

34. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bars and aseries of operating-keys of a series of leverage-changingconnections between said keys and said type-bars, each of saidconnections being constructed to diminish the leverage of its key uponits type-bar slowly during the first part of the key-stroke, and rapidlyduring the remainder of the key-stroke, so that the first portion of theimpulse communicated from the key to the type-bar occurs when theleverage is greatest, and so that thereafter the leverage diminishes atfirst slowly, then more rapidly, until the point of least leverage isgained, at which point the last portion of the impulse is communicatedfrom the key to the type-bar, and means for adjusting the leverage ofthe keys upon the type-bars and thereby altering the dip of the keys.

35. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier of anoperating-1ever therefor, means for causing the fulcrumpoint of saidlever to shift slowly during the first part of the operation of thelever, and rapidly during the latter part of the operation of the leverto move the type-carrier from normal position to the printing-point, sothat the purchase of said lever upon said typecarrier diminishes slowlyduring the first portion of the stroke and rapidly during the remainderof the stroke, and means arranged at said fulcrum for adjusting thepurchase of said lever upon said type-bar so as to change the extent ofstroke of said lever.

36. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a type-carrier, ofan unpivoted key-lever connected thereto and having a free elongatedfulcrum end, and an elongated adjustable fulcrum for said free end ofthe keylever.

37. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a seriesof type-bars pivoted at their rear ends, a horizontally-arranged linkpivoted to each type-bar, a bellcrank lever to which the other end ofsaid link is pivoted, an unpivoted horizontally-arranged key-lever towhich said bell-crank lever is pivoted, an adjustable fulcrum-platearranged transversely over the rear ends of said key-levers and alongthe under surface of which said key-levers are adapted to roll, and acommon fulcrum -rod for said bellcrank levers.

38. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bar-operating levers having elongated treads of a fulcrumplate,supports for the ends of said plate, and means for adjusting said plateupon said supports.

39. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bar-operating le vers having curved elongated treads of a fulcrumplate, supports for the ends of said plate, said supports being formedto coincide with the treads of said levers, and means for tipping saidplate upon said supports.

40. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bar-operating levers having elongated treads of fulcrum-plate 38,support 60, and spring device 66.

41. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-bar-operating levers having elongated treads of fulcrum-plate 38,supporting-bars for the ends of said plate, and springs 66 arranged oneat or near each end of the plate, for holding said plate against saidbars 60. I

42. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-operating levers having elongated treads of plate 38, supports 60,and thumb-screw 62.

43. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series oftype-operating levers having elongated treads of plate 38, supports 60,springs 66, and thumb-screw 62.

44. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, aseries of keys, leverage-changing connections between said type-bars andsaid keys, whereby the leverage of the keys uponthe types decreasesautomatically during the printing strokes of the keys, adjustable springmechanism for regulating the tension upon the keys, and means foradjusting the leverage of the keys upon the types and thereby changingthe dip of the keys.

45. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type, a key, andmeans, including an adjustable screw, for altering the dip of the key atwill, said type being operable by said key at all variations in the dipof the latter which may be caused by the adjustment of said screw.

46. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, aseries of operating-levers, each of said levers being constructed tohear at successive points during its operation, a common fulcrum bar orplate for said levers, and means for adjusting said fulcrum bar or plateso as to vary at will the extent of the lever strokes, the types beingoperable by said levers at all variations in the adjustment of saidfulcrum bar or plate.

47.. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of typesof a series of operating-levers, each of said levers being construc-tedto hear at successive points during its operation, an adjustable fulcrumbar or plate common to said levers, and an adjusting-screw for said baror plate.

48. Ina type-writing machine, the combination of a series of types, aseries of operating-levers, each of said levers being constructed tohear at successive points during its operation, an adjustable fulcrumbar or plate common to said levers, a spring for said bar or plate, andan adjusting-screw for said bar or plate.

49. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a key-controlledtype-bar,and means for adjusting the leverage of the key upon thetype-bar so that the same type-bar may be operated by the same key witha varying touch or key resistance.

50. In a type-writing machine, a type-bar adapted to be operated by akey-lever under varying conditions of leverage, and means for.

adjusting the leverage of said key-lever upon said type-bar.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county ofNew York and State of New York, this 15th day of August, A. D. 1900.

CARL GABRIELSON.

Witnesses:

E. M. WELLS, WM. E. 000K.

